Galmudug’s political journey since its establishment in 2015 reflects both the progress and continuing challenges of Somalia’s wider state-building and democratization process. As the state enters a new electoral phase in 2026, the central question is no longer simply whether elections can be conducted, but whether electoral reform can contribute to stronger institutions, inclusive governance, and lasting political stability.
This new policy brief by the Insight Horn Institute (IHI) examines Galmudug’s four electoral cycles between 2015 and 2026 and explores what they reveal about institutional development, federal-state relations, political inclusion, security, and democratic legitimacy. It argues that elections are an important part of democratic transition, but their real value depends on what follows: accountable institutions, effective governance, broader political participation, and greater public trust.